The calorimeter deflagration is a safety hazard that cannot be ignored in the experimental operation. The causes behind it are complex, and only by mastering the core knowledge can it be effectively avoided.

Improper operation is the main incentive. The calorimeter has strict requirements on the sample volume. If the sample filling amount far exceeds the upper limit of the instrument's bearing capacity, the energy released in the moment of combustion will increase geometrically, exceeding the pressure threshold of the instrument and directly triggering deflagration. At the same time, uneven grinding of the sample and mixing of impurities will cause the combustion reaction to go out of control, and the heat will explode in an instant, impacting the internal structure of the instrument and triggering deflagration.

The abnormal condition of the equipment lays a hidden danger. The oxygen bomb of the calorimeter is the core pressure-bearing component. If there are problems such as seal failure and material aging, and it cannot withstand the high pressure generated by combustion, it will rupture, accompanied by severe deflagration. In addition, if the pressure sensor and pressure relief device of the instrument are not calibrated and maintained for a long time, it will malfunction, fail to release excess pressure in time, and the pressure will continue to accumulate, eventually leading to a deflagration accident.

The lack of environmental and process control exacerbates the risk. Excessive humidity in the experimental environment and severe temperature fluctuations will affect the stability of sample combustion, resulting in out-of-control of the reaction process. Some operators do not strictly implement standard procedures such as boot self-inspection and sample pretreatment, omitting key safety verification links, allowing latent risks to continue to accumulate, eventually resulting in deflagration consequences.

To avoid the deflagration of the calorimeter, it is necessary to build multiple lines of defense. Strictly control the amount and purity of the sample to ensure that it meets the instrument standards; regularly carry out comprehensive maintenance and calibration of oxygen bombs and pressure devices, and replace aging parts in a timely manner; standardize the operation process, do a good job in environmental temperature and humidity control, and implement boot self-inspection. Only by incorporating safety awareness into every operation detail can we eliminate the risk of deflagration from the root cause and ensure the safe and efficient conduct of experiments.